Latest articles

Financing real estate projects with private investors requires a disciplined choice between flexible subordinated loans and scalable tokenized bonds. This guide compares ranking, cost, governance, liquidity, EU regulation and execution so sponsors can select the right structure.

The role of the custodian in tokenized securities extends beyond private-key protection. This guide explains the EU regulatory perimeter, custody models, core controls and implementation decisions issuers and platforms need to address.

The role of the issuer vs distributor in tokenization determines who creates and owes the investment product, who markets it and who serves the investor. This guide maps the EU responsibilities for structuring, product governance, disclosures, onboarding, sales controls and post-sale monitoring.

Tokenization legal documentation in Europe is a coordinated contract stack, not a single token agreement. This guide maps the issuer, offering, investor, platform, custody, servicing and technology documents needed to launch a defensible transaction.

This European Tokenized Securities Infrastructure Map explains the regulated layers required to issue, distribute, trade, custody and settle digital securities in 2026. It maps the roles of issuers, investment firms, DLT venues, CSDs, custodians, payment rails and the Eurosystem—and shows how to select a workable architecture.